William Butler Yeats The Cap and Bells Essays -- Poetry William Butle

William Butler Yeats The Cap and BellsWilliam Butler Yeatss ballad The Cap and Bells depicts the behavior of grapple through an allegorical storey of actions between a jester and a queen. Through the use of slicey symbolic references, the dramatic characters accurately reflect a lovers conduct. Referring to jester-like custody throughout many of his works (A Coat, The Fool by the Roadside, Two Songs of a Fool, The Hour Glass, etc.), Yeats continually portrays the actions of human bes as foolish many a times. Coming to him in a dream, The Cap and Bells credibly acquired its origin from the obsessive infatuation Yeats had with Maud Gonne. Being an acclaimed actress, Yeats most likely perceived Gonne exceeding him in status her the queen and him the fool. At this time (1894) Yeats was also developing Irish dramas, and therefore his mind ignited dramatic idea even within his dreams. Like many of his metrical compositions, The Cap and Bells develops a lyrical tone full of e motion and images. Through this song-like piece, the reader strongly feels both the evolution despondency of the jester and the eventual affection in the queen. Through his strong use of symbolism and imagery, Yeats suggests that love makes a fool of every man. From forfeiting the soul, the heart, and finally visible life, Yeats emphasizes mans willingness to sacrifice all the elements of his existence to feel the complete and irresistible passions of love. Throughout The Cap and Bells Yeats constantly draws on symbolism to express various elements of love. With the whole poem existing as a subtle allegory, the author encourages a reader to interpret and search for meaning. As Yeats opens with The jester walked into the garden he immediatel... ...elf) and the heart (provider of life). kind of she fell in love when given the physical cap and bells. Though such ballad does not need a large amount of definition to understand the storyline, the close analysis devel ops the underlying ideas of human behavior while in love. Yeats all together implies that love has the ability to blind a man from ration. Although a wise old owl may view his actions irrational, the lover only sees the obsessive compulsions love has on him. Yeats thus teaches a reader that love is the strongest emotion of all, for man will do anything to feel reciprocated love. The soul, the heart, and life are the toys of love, and thus throughout The Cap and Bells Yeats depicts the compliance of man to sacrifice his complete being for the sake of the zeal of love. Born a fool, live a fool, and die a fool ... all because we loved another.

Euthanasia and the Right to Die Essay -- Doctor Assisted Suicide

The Oxford English Dictionary defines euthanasia as the action of inducing a dignify and easy death (Oxford English Dictionary). Many people around the world would like nothing more than to end their lives because they are suffering from painful and deadly diseases suffering people desperately seek doctors to help them end their lives. Many people see euthanasia as murder, so euthanasia is illegal in many countries. Euthanasia is an extremely controversial issue that has many complex factors behind it including medical costs, murder and liberty rights. Should people have the rights to seek euthanasia from doctors who are well trained in dealing with euthanasia?The bases for western knowledge, the Greek and Roman empires, usually supported euthanasia. Although they did not like giving a deadly drug to anybody, not even if asked for, by the patient, they preferred a gentle death as opposed to their patients suffering a miserable life story (ProCon). It was not until the middle ages t hat euthanasia was actively opposed. In the middle ages the predominate religions of Europe were Christian and Judaism these two religions did not approve of euthanasia because not scarcely was suicide itself a sin, but the doctor who helped the patients would have committed the sin of murder. The three major religions that influence the world, Christianity, Islam and Judaism, all see suicide as a sin. These three religions have a major impact on the world today, so the trend of criminalizing euthanasia continued up into the modern era with euthanasia still being illegal in many parts of the world. The first law explicitly prohibiting euthanasia in the United States was enacted in New York in 1828 (ProCon). Since then many more states have outlawed ... ...2011. .Opposing Viewpoints.Introduction to Euthanasia Opposing Viewpoints. Euthanasia. Ed. Carrie Snyder. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2000. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 18 Nov. 2011. http//ic.galeg roup.com.library.collin.edu/ic/ovic/ informantDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=OVIC&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010134107&userGroupName=txshracd2497&jsid=af2eacb374dfea6a89c0773d16c35a50Oxford English Dictionary. Euthanasia. Def. 3. Oxford English Dictionary. Sept. 2011. Web. 13 Nov. 2011. .ProCon. Historical Timeline. Euthanasia - ProCon.org. ProCon.org, 28 Sept. 2010. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. .

The Roman Legacy Essay -- Ancient Rome

With the decline and fall of the western empire, the classical age of Rome came to a close as disease, warfare and corruption conspired to bring about the downfall of an ailing empire that had once conquered the k immediatelyn world. Where once enlightened despots had ruled a debauched and unwieldy polity, now barbarians stood over the ruins of a once thriving metropolis. In its absence a new world would arise with new values and ideals. Turning their back on a pagan past the Christian children of these wild men from the north would spawn the greatest houses of future European nobility, and when they looked back for a legacy, they would not read their ancestors as pillagers picking at the bones of a defiled Rome, but instead as its trusted guardians, partnering with the Church to carry her legacy through the sorry Ages.Greece, which had endured its own dark ages millennia beforehand, became the cradle of the western artistic ideal. Its society was like none separate. Organizationa lly, it preferred a unique form of government called democracy, when other societies around god-kings and despotic strong men. Its ambitions asserted the perfection of man, his unique place in the world. As stories became myth and myths became legends, humans (or human like) gods began to appear in the spiritual centres of worship. Unlike the gods of Egypt, who almost always have some animalistic component to their physiology, the Greek gods were human-like. Zeus had a human body, hands and feet for all intents and purposes, he was the start super-man. This was an epic reversal. Where once man relegated himself to the animals, now the Greeks had placed man above the merely natural and into the realm of the supernatural.The human form was exemplified in sculptur... ...prayer books, we get illustrations of the barbarian farmer at work in his fields throughout the seasons, alluding to the year round labor required to feed a near starving passel of one-half a dozen children. In the illuminated Bibles, we see fabulous illustrations off the fabled kingdoms of the east and wild bestiaries of exotic man-imals and creatures said to dwell in terras ingonito, lustiness men to venture into the unknown again and call at the courts of Pryster John, lord of all the Indias. In the Cathedrals, some of the most dramatic mathematical aspirations were envisioned in stone as towns and masons set out to trump one another with brilliant feats of engineering not attempted since the heights of Rome. This was a world essay to right itself again after the fall of the greatest empire the world had ever seen, a world many wanted to see gain a new purchase on earth.

The English Reformation Essay -- Literary Analysis, Dickens

The book I chose to review for this assignment is entit guide The position Reformation by author A. G. Dickens. The book describes the processes that led to religious transformations and provides an fine overview on the Reformation in England. The work thoroughly analyzes the political, economical and social aspects of the Reformation in the sixteenth century. The English Reformation, first published in 1964 is a great source of information for anyone who is interested in the history of the religious transition and change. The author of The English Reformation aims to analyze and explain the complex processes that perk up taken place during the reign of Henry VIII and his successors. He investigates the background and defines conditions for the religious transformation. A. G. Dickens set out to carefully examine the complex processes of the English Reformation by describing the state of the religious affairs in the late medieval England. He believes that tradit ional catholic religion was to some extent base on superstitious beliefs and folks legends. He begins his book by telling a story of a knight who robs passing travelers but maintains a pious vigil to Virgin Mary. His devotion to Holy Mother professed by his daily prayers saves him physically and spiritually. The knight is warned of the mortal danger and allowed to change his conducts. It seems that these kinds of legends mixed with Christian sentiments were commonly absorbed by people. A. G. Dickens writes its effort to attain salvation through devout observance, its fantastic emphasis on saints, relics and pilgrimages... (4). These views were contrasted with the ideas of Lollards and the teachings of John Wycliffe. Their emphasis on sole aut... ...n that Lollardy consists mainly of artisans and tradesmen. It seems that the rebellious ideas might have originated with educated individuals but were propagated by commoners. A. G. Dickens proves that social and economic promi nence was significant in diffusion the protestant ideas. He writes Tudor provincial society contained large mobile elements and the part played by wandering cloth-workers in the dissemination of heresy has already been observed.(33). The English Reformation by A. G. Dickens is an extensive and thorough account of the political and religious reality of sixteenth century England. The work examines and describes all processes that led to the religious transformation. The great events of the Henrys reign are explained carefully, comprehensively and clearly, making the work highly regarded analysis of the English Reformation.

Finding Peace in Siddhartha Essay -- Hesse Siddhartha Essays

Finding Peace in Siddh artistic creationha          I have become questioning of teachings and learning and that I have little faith in words that come to us from teachers. (Page 18) Siddartha experienced this when he was with the Samanas, still seeking for peace of the innersoul. He distrusted teachings because to attain peace, he must learn everything from himself. However, along his journey, he was indebted by a beautiful courtesan, a rich merchant, a dice player, a Bhuddist monk, and Vasudeva, for they had influenced him and he gained great knowledge from each of them.          After leaving Gotama, the Illoustrious One, Siddhartha entered the life of a human being. He met a beautiful courtesan named Kamala and asked her to teach him the art of love. She said anyone who came to see her must be wealthy and therefore, she wouldnt teach Siddhartha for he was just a ragged Samanas. She introduced  him to a rich merchant named Kamaswami and from this man that Siddhartha well-read to trade and became rich. Obviously, Siddhartha came back to see Kamala and she accepted him. They learned the game of love together and she taught him many many love lessons that she knew. From her that he learned love could not be forced, people could buy love, ask for love, but could not steal love. He also learned that people must grow old and intermit and that there was no endless life. Together, Siddhartha and Kamala had a son, Siddhartha, who could not love anyone, loved his son with all of his heart.              Kamaswami, a richest merchant in town, hired Siddhartha as his economic aid and from this man... ...river and finally, they attained peace.          When he reached peacefulness, Siddhartha became the ferryman. He delivered people across the holy river just like Vasudeva once did and yet, deep within himself, t here was an eternal peace. On the early(a) hand, Govinda was still struggling with desire for knowledge and had not yet attained what he was seeking, so he came to learn from Siddhartha. Surprised when he heard Siddhartha mentioned the cinque considered teachers Siddhartha had during his quest for peace, Govinda thought Siddhartha was joking. Saw the confusion in his friends face, Siddhartha told Govinda to bend and kiss him on the forehead and as Govinda did this, he understood everything Siddhartha had said. Siddhartha, whose smile was similar to the known Ones, finally attained peace for his Self.  

Finding Peace in Siddhartha Essay -- Hesse Siddhartha Essays

Finding Peace in Siddhartha          I have become distrustful of acquireings and learning and that I have little faith in words that come to us from teachers. (Page 18) Siddartha experienced this when he was with the Samanas, still seeking for peace of the innersoul. He distrusted teachings because to attain peace, he must learn everything from himself. However, along his journey, he was indebted by a beautiful courtesan, a rich merchant, a dice player, a Bhuddist monk, and Vasudeva, for they had influenced him and he gained great knowledge from each of them.          After going Gotama, the Illoustrious One, Siddhartha entered the life of a human being. He met a beautiful courtesan named Kamala and asked her to teach him the art of roll in the hay. She said anyone who came to see her must be wealthy and therefore, she wouldnt teach Siddhartha for he was just a ragged Samanas. She introduced  him to a rich m erchant named Kamaswami and from this man that Siddhartha learned to trade and became rich. Obviously, Siddhartha came back to see Kamala and she accepted him. They learned the support of love together and she taught him many many love lessons that she knew. From her that he learned love could non be forced, people could buy love, ask for love, but could not steal love. He also learned that people must grow old and die and that there was no endless life. Together, Siddhartha and Kamala had a son, Siddhartha, who could not love anyone, loved his son with all of his heart.              Kamaswami, a richest merchant in town, hired Siddhartha as his assistance and from this man... ...river and finally, they attained peace.          When he reached peacefulness, Siddhartha became the ferryman. He delivered people across the saintly river just like Vasudeva once did and further, deep within himself, t here was an eternal peace. On the other hand, Govinda was still struggling with desire for knowledge and had not yet attained what he was seeking, so he came to learn from Siddhartha. Surprised when he heard Siddhartha mentioned the five considered teachers Siddhartha had during his quest for peace, Govinda thought Siddhartha was joking. Saw the confusion in his friends face, Siddhartha told Govinda to flexure and kiss him on the forehead and as Govinda did this, he understood everything Siddhartha had said. Siddhartha, whose smile was similar to the Illustrious Ones, finally attained peace for his Self.  

Qualitative and Quantative Research Method Essay

globalization in business is a historical process, the term Globalisation begun to use more commonly in 1980s, which happened referable to of origins and the research which has been done from a long time on improving the converse and technology. Just because of the fastest communication at once more or less e very business is dealing their customers exploitation technology and having the communication with them using modern devices. Here in my assignment i will discuss about the globalisation and what argon the reason for the growth of globalization?.I will also discuss about the process of globalization and its inwardness in the market.In my reference study i will take the Siemens AG company.Siemens AG is a global electrical and electronics business with a turnover of 53 billion. The business employs over 450,000 batch. Siemens is multi-national. It operates across 190 separate nation states. Executives in Germany and across the serviceman must make decisions in the best interests of Siemens shareholders. Most multinationals have many capabilities. They must make decisions about where their separate activities should be. For Siemens it is not efficient to design and manufacture tout ensemble intersections in all countries. It is more efficient to concentrate manufacturing to keep economies of scale through specialization. Products puke be shipped anywhere within the group.GlobalisationAccording to modelski et al,(2007) globalization as (the process of) emergence of institution of planetary scope As readied by Isard (2005) in globalization and international financial system. Imagine the world twenty dollar bill years ago when thither were no personal computers, no laptops, no mobile phones the communication was very slow and because of not having the internet facility there was a limited communication not for the people within the country but internationally as well, as we do emails to daylight which takes only hardly a(prenominal) seconds to rea ch the recipient there was no concept analogous that and the messages sending and receiving was dependent on days and weeks, this all is changed at one time just because of globalisation. According to J.Ali (2000)Firms across the world have recognized that globalization is a reality that creates unlimited opportunities while intensifying competitors and threats Globalisation is the integration amidst the markets, nations, states and technologies it is the way which enables the individuals, corporations, organisations, nations and states to reach the world easier, cheaper, faster and safer than ever before, it affects everyone like the internet has enabled everyone to connect to each other at any time and to learn the aspects of any culture in the world, now the trade is a good deal easier and is diversified, the ideas are world shared among all people of earth the cultures are being refined the globalisation is conquering markets and capturing hearts. There are a lots of organi sations which are selling their products throughout the whole world the picture of international trade has been totally changed. Reasons for the growth of globalisationAs the communication barriers have been removed the need of international trade exposed, the companys thought to expand their businesses for these reasons the globalisation has got the rapid growth. Growth of regional economic or trading blocs such as EU, NAFTA (north American free trade agreement) APEC(Asia pacific economic cooperation forum) has contributed in making the globalisation happen and to promote the trade between the counties the allowance of free trade between the members of the blocs countries, this helps the countries to grow together and that is the way of making the economy of different countries better and stronger. By this the countries are included in the same blocs or the member countries help each other country people to maintain their economic stability as well.The development of transport thi nk and networks capable of moving goods, quickly and relatively cheap is also one of the main reasons behind the growth of globalisation, the shipping transportation has improved very much and the product are being shifted to one another countries in bulky amount. The advancement in technology and communication made the possibility of transferring the financial capitals due to which people were attracted to do businesses in other countries as well, the production cost is not same for any product all over the world so many businesses wanted to install their production plants in those countries which are more cheaper which tends the global market over again to acquire.Other then these every business wants their customers to be satisfied by their product for that purpose the feedback is necessary the feedback is being received by the companies by having the online feedback forms where the suggestions and recommendations are been given by the consumers for the product. The companies a re providing the assistance run to their customers by giving them an option to call the assistance team at any time the services are provided through internet or phones, stop chat, live calls and live video conferencing.Process of Globalisation and EffectsTo explain the effects of globalisation and the process we are adding a case study of a multinational company that how the company is handling the issues regarding the customers worldwide.A Siemens case study Meeting global and local needsA Siemens case study Meeting global and local needs by times100 As readed by Gills,bThompson (2006) globalization and global historyMultinational companies are the agents of globalisation the adit of product from all over the world is a very good gift given by the internet to the companies who wants to have more potential customers. Globalisation has linked the first world countries to the third ones most of the manufacturing setups are in third world countries and this made a very beneficial i mpact on both as the first world countries are enjoying the cost minimisation byhaving cheap labour and low production costs and the third world countries are having the employments and jobs by having the plants in their countries on the other side mostly the service sector is being served by the first world countries. As explained by collier, dollar and lank in globalization and environment (2002) Keeping in view that what the customers actually need is the main aim of Siemens for this there is expertness working with Siemens form 150 years which makes the company to stand where it is today. The company has channels in about one hundred and ninety countries and the variegation of different cultures and different languages with different people is being keenly handled by the managers of organisation. As readed on Turchin,p (2003) why states rise and fallsHowever due to of calorie-free trading throughout the world the outsourcing is happening that puts the positive impact on Siemens as they are producing electronic products so most businesses are using Siemens product because of the reliability and the company is also producing the power distribution and transmission equipments which are very popular with them the power generators are also being produced. The trade barriers has been removed by the governments and people are able to move from one to another country and can easily take their money with them to free-spoken business in other countries, Siemens has expanded their business in many countries and are running their businesses in 190 countries which is because of the innovative approach of organisation. capacious amount is spending upon the research and development sector to improve the companys abilities to serve as good as they can. Technology is improving day by day new inventions are coming up, Siemens is also contributing in the technological sector as well by producing product related to latest technology. In the field of automation and control S iemens is one of the finest service providers for the industrial solution and services as the world has been globalised and substructure is very important for the survival of any company, Siemens has got a very huge success because of the innovative approach the company has adopted the trend of innovation and inventing more than thirty new inventions a day, the company is assumed second strongest power technologies worldwide.ConclusionWell globalisation has given lots of benefits for mankind people are having much ease to get knowledge and having more opportunities, have the access to explore the whole world but there are fewer problems which globalisation has created but these can also be removed by using the globalisation itself.Any how the world has become a global crossroads now the trade, communication and transportation is getting easier as the new innovations are being made by the information technology. Information technology played a very important and vital role in maki ng the world as it is today, there are companies which products are so popular that everyone is known to them like the name which is most prominent in making the products related to electronics is Sony. This is company which sell their product to the whole world.The market for a product is now very vast because of globalisation, the products are being delivered to the consumers no matter where they are, marketing is done to the whole world and it is just possible because of the fastest communication and the credit is again going to technology.ReferencesModelski,Devezas and Thompson. (2007) globalization as evolutionary process modeling global change, Rutledge, USA and Canada ISARD(2005) globalization and international financial system whats wrong and what can be done, Cambridge university press,USA Gills,b. and w.r Thompson(eds.)(2006) globalization and global history.londonroutledge. J.Ali globalization of business practice and theory, International business press, NY Collier, doll ar and lank.(2002) globalization, growth and poverty, oxford university press, Washington 2002. Turchin,p.(2003) historical dynamics why states rise and falls,Princeton,NJPrinceton university press. http//businesscasestudies.co.uk/siemens/meeting-global-and-local-needs/globalisation

Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Hate Crimes Act Essay

Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Hate Crimes ActIntroduction Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Hate Crimes act is a federal faithfulness against hate villainys which was passed in 2009 after two ruthless preference motivated crimes of murder of James Byrd Junior., an African American man in 1998 and murder of a student Matthew Shepard in the same year. The key provisions of this act or integrity were- Removal of the requirement that the victim be engaging in a feder bothy secure action, like voting or being educated in a school, Giving federal authorities better capacity to conduct in hate crimes investigations that local authorities choose not to pursue, Provides 5 million USD every year in financing for fiscal years 2010 through with(predicate) 2012 to help national and native agencies pay for prosecuting and investigating hate crimes, Requires the Federal Bureau for Investigations(FBI) to make sure they check statistics on hatred criminalities established on sex activity identity and gender (statistics for any other groups were already tracked) in Texas and other states. (Jones-Brown, In Frazier, & In Brooks, 2014). Advantages of hate crime laws These laws will make the overt vigilant that the group is defenseless, has been broadly victimized in the earlier and there is need of protection. The crime which is based on this law is not directed basically against one person but it is projected to intimidate and target the victims whole group so the law is fair. The law would guard persons of all sexual orientations. More so it will not limit freedom of speech because it cannot be applied before the criminal act happen. (Jacobs & Potter, 1998). Disadvantages of hate crime laws Some of its parts are unfair since there is consideration of people identically meaning they depend on some characteristics such as gender or maybe disability. The laws will increase federal government of Texas participation in law enforcement and this will bring some imbalance in the go verning. In addition the laws covers all crimes which are already illegal under the existing state and local laws. (Jacobs & Potter, 1998).Hate crimes laws are still existing even today because the target of hate crimes has now reduced compared to the time when the law has not been enacted. However even its provision are very tough and this have brought frustration to the state-supported thus reducing the crimes. These laws are also taking a big responsibility in protecting every kind of person in the beau monde in terms of color, religion, gender identity and sexual orientation.ReferencesCrooks, R., & Baur, K. (2011). Our sexuality. Belmont, CA Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.In Jones-Brown, D. D., In Frazier, B. D., & In Brooks, M. (2014). African Americans and criminal justice An encyclopedia.Jacobs, J. B., & Potter, K. (1998). Hate crimes Criminal law & identity politics. New York Oxford University Press.Source document

Early Childhood Education Past and Present Essay

In order to decide how past philosophies, theories and educational models have influenced present ideas and practices related to archean childhood education, we must first decide where we would like to begin. I will start with the ideas of Aristotle, because I believe his ideas on mimesis or imitations are evident in the evolution of early education, and will always be an integral part of effective learning. Once we understand that children learn and practice what they see in others, we begin to realize the consume for dedication and devotion from parents and t on the whole(prenominal)ers.Aristotle was a student of Plato who argued for the early removal of children from their parents so that they could be cared for in a school like setting. (Schwartz 1997) As we look underpin at history itself, we can see that the role of childhood education has been dependent upon the immediate needs and beliefs of a particular society. there have everyplacely been many individuals in the pa st 200 years who are responsible for creating theories and philosophies based on their observations of children and what is vital to them as they develop into adults.However, it is important that we recognize how sore ideas are not formed independently, but built upon old ones. As educators, we must utilize what we notice to be effective, as salutary as the things that force us some as children in an educational setting. The strategies and philosophies that Ive implemented in particular are borrowed from several individuals including Erikson, Vygotsky and Gardiner. Eriksons psychosocial conjecture covers eight stages, each one built upon, and reliant on its predecessor.The first four are of greatest relevance, but the remaining four are worthy of a nasty look because it is important to know where youre going when deciding upon the best way to set down there. These stages also remind me of the importance of satisfying basic need, and of considering children as little people wh o need to believe in success before they can achieve it. Its one of the reasons why I would occasionally go to recess with my students. I was able to observe how they treated and responded to others in a seemingly more relaxed, social setting.For some children, recess is by far the most stressful twenty minutes of the day. The incredibly minimal amount of time given to my students was another reason I felt it was necessary to attend. I could get a kick ball game set up so they could make the best of what little time they had. However, I must be honest, I still love to play, and demonstrating good sportsmanship and a competitive spirit to my kids was as important as the preparation for any test we had to look forward to. Lastly, I had a sixth grade teacher who used to do the same thing and I remember it vividly and extremely fondly.I find Gardiners theory of multiple intelligence extremely helpful while building confidence in kids whose gifts were not overly apparent on the field at recess. I have and will always encourage students to recognize and display these gifts while still maintaining a certain degree of humility. (Hyson 2004) Ive always kept examples of spotless activities inside and outside my classroom and anywhere else I could find space in order to, among other things, initiate discussions about pride as well as humility. Our classroom clearly demonstrated the fact that comfort and familiarity were held in high regard.An equal emphasis was placed on respect, and this is the word that was constantly spelled out on the board. As my class or one of my students showed an obvious lack of respect, one of the letters would be erased. They would be put back as we were honorific of one another, and if the word was entirely spelled out on Friday afternoon, we would have a social gathering for the last half hour of the day. If we were to walk into most, if not all early childhood educational settings, we would find many things that were initiated or influen ced by past theorists or philosophers.We would notice blocks or other creative building materials. There would be areas to encourage cooperative learning, and most would reflect what is thought to be developmentally appropriate for the range of members in the class. When determining what types of play are developmentally appropriate, we need to consider all individuals, and the fact that differences will exist. Members of a class who are either gifted or struggling should not have to survive because of what is thought to be developmentally appropriate. These differences should be expected, utilized and appreciated.Computers, for example, will run programs with varying degrees of difficulty depending upon what is developmentally appropriate for an individual. As concerns continue to grow over bridging the gap between early education students, government intervention has and will continue to grow. An increase in assessments is inevitable, and even smaller amounts of time will be devo ted to active learning, exploration and play. The changes that in fact need to be made are those that reflect the ideas of the great minds of theorists who dedicated their lives in order to pose the most effective methods of early childhood education.

Gender Inequality Essay

Gender inqualities often stem from social structures that have instiutionalized conceptions of sexual urge differences. Gender inequality has been around for centuries. In somewhat(prenominal) family homes, their becomes evolve around gender roles. The responibilties in the family argon allocated to their sex (gender). There are certain tasks which are usually allocated to males and females. Some see this division as biologolical differences between the sexes and others see it happening in cultural backgrounds.There are sociological theories that have tended to see gender roles as natural and inevitable. Talcott Parsons, suggested that within the newfangled nuclear family it was essential that one invoke, (the father) performed the instru servicemanpowertal role of the leader and provider whilst the mother performed the expressive role of giving psychological support and taking responsibilty for enculturation children. This made nose out because women give birth to and nurse their children. Its a typical sterotype, that is engrained in both men and women.Gender is seen closely related to the roles and demeanour assigned to women and men based on their sexual differences. As children we learn and adapt to specific gender roles, and as we grow they become more than unmixed and more important to our role in a society. There is more married women that work outside of the home and some men spend more time at home with their families. Martial roles have become increasingly similar. Historians of the family have made it show how gender roles in the family are socially constructed.The roles pllayed by men and women in any history poont may seem natural and inevitable. When you look back to the past, you see how very untold its changed according to the reguirements of society and the needs of families at particular times. During the latter of the 20th century the views began to change but windlessness stained ideologies from the past they still exist ath t he brink of the 21st century. 82% of women (wives and girlfriends) still do the housework according to a new study in Britain, but when it comes to housework, we are back in the 50s.For the females of today we can pretty much do anything we like, join the army, be a prime misiter, run a company or be a stay at home mum. As the new century, today, we see a greatly altered family landscape in which dual-income and whizz parents families outnumber the ascendant two-parent, one-earner in the household. There is more single parent families nowadays. So they would be taking on the roles as the breadwinner and home maker. But its not just women doing this, there is a lot of men as single parents and broken families that have to take on these roles. So a lot has changed over the years.And there is more and more working parents. Gender role and inquality is not just geared towards women but also men. As much as women face inqualities, ther are many aspects about the world thats is unfair to wards men. The inquiry remains, will men and women ever be found equal? My answer, no. Men and women are simply too different to be considered be toughened the same. Yes, I do believe that men and women should be paid the same, and given equal and all opportunity, but as far as the biological sense goes men and women have two completely different biological makeup.It is scientifically true that women are more nurturing whereas men are found to be much more competitive and aggressive. That is not to say that those traits can not be mixed upon the two genders, but there is still too much that keeps gender separate. In some culturals, gender inequality will never change for most. The women are to stay at home, raise the family and do the household chores. In some of theses culturals domestic violence accurs and the women keep quiet about it because they cant leave because its discrimmination to their society and most culutrals dont allow women to get a divorce. some developing count ries including India have displayed gender inequalit in education, employment and health. It is common to find girls and women suffering from high mortality rates. India has witnessed gender inquality from its early history due to its socio-ecnomic and sacred practices that resulted in a wide gap between the position of men and women in the society. Gender inquality has an adverse impact on development goals and reduces ecnomic groth.It hampers the overall swell up being, because blocking women from participation in social polical and ecnomic activties can adversely affect th whole society. Discrimination also plays out with networking and in preferential preaching within the economic market. Men typically occupy positions of power within the job economy. Due to taste or preference for other men because they contribution similar characteristics, men in these positions of power are more likely to hire or promote other men, thus discriminating against women.Discrimination against men in the workplace is rarer but does occur, particularly in health care professions. Only an estimated 0. 4% of midwives in the UK are male and according to cbs only 1% of all trainee nurses and only 2% of Secretaries are male. Women have increasingly been finding their place in a male driven environment whether it be in the office, politics, or in the cut throat world business and CEOs, women have become more and more powerful in a mans world.Needless to say, women have not reached the level of power that a man would have, but seeing as where woman stood forty years past it is a step in the right direction. Over the years, gender role has clearly played a big part in the way that women are treated, whether it be being confined to the kitchen, or rendered to emotional to run for office, it seems as though society has built two completely different species of human to live amongst each other. It may sound drastic, but if men and women were to be more similar, there would be more c hance for equal treatment.As unfortunate as it is, it seems as though society is at a stand still on where to go with gender inequality, and if there is no way to convince an constitutional generation to change they way they treat each other, then it might as well stay that way. Unfortunately society is way too strong-minded to be able to change its ways about said subject. All that being said, we have come a great deal over the years, and maybe one day we can point that everyone can agree on.

Interviewing Elderly Person

Jheanell Thompson March 28, 2009 LEH301/0792 Black Image Midterm Research Observation Midterm Observation On March 18th, 2009 at Lehman College the college hosted an Educational College Summit for staff, incoming college school-age childs and current college students. The topic was based on Increase in the Number of New York City broad(prenominal) School Graduates Enrolling at CUNY Colleges, which shows the rising of Blacks and Hispanic High School students from New York City Public Schools that argon enrolling into CUNY four year senior and community colleges. More students enrolling from the public schools into CUNY colleges is the confirmation of the reading reforms that are working and preparing students better for full(prenominal)er education opportunities, mayor Bloomberg had quoted in his speech at the school summit. The summit was educational the reason wherefore is because College Summit inundates these workshop students with resources, such as writing coaches, mentors and trained counselors, in order to instill in them the belief that they indeed are college material, while providing them with the breeding and k presentlyledge to enroll in college.College Summits is to increase the college enrollment rate of low-income students. With ut near schools, colleges, employers, community leaders and the public sector, College Summit is to work to ensure that every student who can make it in college makes it to college. A growing number of schools, teachers and counselors now have the tools through professional development training provided by College Summit on how to best support the needs of students through the college application process.Educators are also using College Summits curriculum to break down the application process into more ease. Schools, too, now have the kind of data and support they need to make college access for all students a priority. For preparation of high school student I conceptualize students do succeed at completing their education, progressing into higher education can appear to be succeeded with obstacles that cannot be overcome. Yet, we have low income families that should be determine in receiving a college education when the student desires to progress through school.Low income students can be assisted with financial aid from state and federal entities that will allow them to collapse higher education. Also, if students that comes from families that have previously attended college, are more likely too easily for students entering college. So, since one of the goals of high schools in the public education system is to prepare students for life following high school, it appears that part of that preparation should be for the student to understand the processes associated with entering higher education.One thing that the mayor speaks on was High School students are now receiving their high school diploma and entering college at the same time. Today High School students are graduating on time is on the rise, because right now it is harder for dropout students to get jobs than for students with high school diplomas. Nowadays, students are required to have considerably skills in order to get good paying jobs. The only way they can get those skills is by staying in school and getting a diploma to prove they have acquired the skills they need for the job.To me I feel that High School Students should not be permitted to drop out of school because it will be harder for them to get good paying jobs. In our nations largest communities today our students of color, primarily African American and Latino are now finishing high school. I guess they now realizing that without a High School diploma can get no one anywhere in life, especially in todays hard economy we are facing.The point is to reach out to students and point them to the right direction by funding mentoring programs, support groups and etc. I for example, I enjoy being a college student more than being a high school stud ent. In the time that I have been in college, I have seen that more freedom is allowed to students in college than in high school. Such choices as the note taking, the environment, or class selection are a few examples of how college is less restrictive than high school.Because of the educational freedom and having more control over my education, I find being a college student more enjoyable than being a high school student. Schooling is a very important aspect in our lives and we must go through many steps to higher education the most important steps in society today, are high school and college. Although high school and college aim for the same goal, college is the responsible factor. Since, I had to learn on my very own, since my first year of college as a freshman till now as a senior in college.

A Gathering Of Old Men

Ernest J. Gaines impudent, A Gathering of aged(prenominal) Men employs experimental narrative techniques in sanctify to probe cornerstones of racism and classicism, as well as to examine the nature of storytelling in humanitys past and also for humanitys future.By employing no less than fifteen separate narrators in this overbold, Gaines is able to penetrate deeply into the inbred experiences of a a number of men together whom comprise a social microcosm of African American fib and experience.Through the diverse range of voices at his disposal, Gaines probes a wide range of grievances and also exaltations among his characters and demonstrates the strength of communal unity. The diverse range of narrators used in the novel expresses the novels theme of strength-through-diversity adn unity-through-intimacy.A careful reading of the novel reveals the deep motivations of its characters, each of which reveals the novels theme of redemption and social renewal. Because of the tribal nature of the diversity of narrators, the reader is able to feel as though they are a direct participant in the action, as though reading the novel is an initiation rite of sorts.The novels central intrigue the rack up of Beau Baton, also forwards the initiation or ritualistic them the novel is meant to show the growth (or initiation) not only of chronologically grown men into huge delayed manhood, but to redefine standards of black masculinity altogether for the characters in the novel itself and also for the novels readers.In the novel, the fifteen separate narrators are drawn out of their ordinary lives and into a civic, almost mythic role. Gaines signals that the unfolding of horizontalts is meant to have this mythic, ritualistic overtone when the old men gathering proclaim that things seem new again, that they feel wakeless about what they are doing.Wallace sees the water of the river as if it were still a mystery, while Mat admits that he is happy that they and all the rest are doing something different, for the first condemnation ( Gathering, 40).There is also the symbolic/ritualistic firing of guns, urged by Clatoo who tells the men Let them down there hear you ( Gathering, 48) and contrasted with the brutality of combined experience among the novels protagonists, this symbolic gunfire demonstrates controlled violence and evoke emotions turned to ritualistic healing.There can be no doubt that these feelings of race-based anger contributed to the murder. When asked, Uncle Billy admits that he killed Beau out of a proclivity for revengeWhat they did my boy. The way they beat him. They beat him till they beat him crazy and we had to send him to Jackson (the state mental facility). He dont even cope me and his mama no more. We take him candy, we take him cake, he eat it like a hog eating corn.The ritual-based and initiation based theme of the novel is meant to transform the violence of the murder into a healing process,where each of the novels narrators confesses their anger and need for revenge and then each learns something through the experience of participating after-the-fact in a murder that only a single man committed.Later, for example, Gable reveals his son is killed for the false accusation for rape on a white womanhood and Coot talks about his war experiences.The man who could break horses, Yank, relishes his role without at first realizing it makes him subservient to whites. But there is also a shadow of environmental awareness tied to the ritual murder that the renewal of black masculinity is directly tied to the renewal of nature.Johnny Paul explains the murder on behalf of the flowers Thats why I kilt him, thats why.To protect them little flowers. But they aint here no more. And how come? (Gathering, 92). Gaines intention is to tie subjective individual renewal with the renewal of both partnership and environment and he portrays the murder an consequent ruse in symbolically charged terms.Killing Beau migh t revive the river That river. Where the people went all these years. Where they fished, where they washed they clothes, where they was baptized. St. Charles River. through with(p) gived us food, done cleaned us clothes, done cleaned us soul. St. Charles River no more, though. No more.They took it. (Gathering, 107). Because the novel relies on complex themes, it is dangerous to assume that racial issues are both more dominant than issues of community preservation and environmental preservation.The key theme in the novel, as m,mentioned, is the reviving of masculinity the renewal of masculine energy which is seen to lean beyond race and into the elements of the earth and nature themselves.Mathus discovery of his community is the most starkly profoundly as portrayed in A Gathering of hoar Men. When he says I been changed.I been changed. Not by that white mans God. I dont believe in that white mans God. I been changed by yall.Rooster, Clabber, Dirty Red, Coot you changed this h ardhearted old man. (Gathering, 182 ) he as admitting that even his previous contempt and mistrust of white people has been challenged by his new-found notions of community.While it is relatively easy to spot the racial themes of A Gathering of Old Men the communal themes and the themes of renewal through nature may be a bit more difficult for the casual reader to understand.When the various themes of the novel are begun to be regarded as a whole, the picture which emerges is not a picture of black anger of African American bitterness or even of racism or classicism, but issues of humanism.The reclaiming of masculinity by the men in the novel can be regarded, symbolically, as the renewal of any person or any group which seeks to finally reaffirm its power after a period, perhaps even a protracted period, of suppression and duress.Rather than portray this accumulated anger and resentment as exploding in, say, a violent if even localized revolution, Gaines views the kind of fusion o f bitterness, anger, and resentment, to a call to awareness of and an identification and re-claiming of communal ties and environmental awareness.Taken this way, the subjective stories presented by the various narrators of A Gathering of Old Men can be seen to transform into universal voices of awareness, and cathartic change.This transformation is heralded by community and the liberation of private anger and private experience as culturally accepted, in fat culturally imperative information.The novels experimental narrative techniques weld the quaint oral tradition of tribal cultures with the scathingly sharp awareness of modern political and psychological realities.

Global Sourcing Challenge Case Questions Essay

1. Marianna Barner should decline the invitation for IKEA to have a representative appear on the upcoming forecast of the German video program. The producers of the documentary invited them to state part in a live discussion during the airing, and while this offer does sound beneficial for IKEA to educate the public and the producers of the current efforts taken to fight minor labor, it would not be in their best interest. This is attributed to the fact that the producers ref call to let IKEA preview the video beforehand and that they are aware that the producers planned to take a confrontational and aggressive approach directly aimed at them. As a result, there is a very high possibility that the representative would then be blindsided with questions and then IKEAs message of their efforts would not be portrayed accurately. Instead, IKEA should respond to the allegations by releasing their own statement allowing them to explain their efforts once they have had the luck to review a ll evidence and verify the credibility.2. In regards to the supply contract that IKEA has with Rangan Exports, it would be best if Barner terminates the contract, should sufficient evidence prove that they do indeed use child labor. They stress the importance of taking responsibility for their suppliers, and in the IWAY (IKEA Code of Conduct), it clearly states that they do not accept Child Labourm, otherwise their contract go away be terminated. The well-regarded company (Rangan) had signed an addendum that explicitly forbids the use of child labor, so it is important that IKEA upholds their standards and codes in order to maintain a fair view with their other suppliers. It would also be wise for her to then issue a statement or press release about the severed ties with the company, stating the reasons for the decision and maintaining integrity by upholding their own policies regarding child labor, so that the public and other suppliers see that they wont tolerate unethical behav ior or violations to their contract.3. It is suggested that IKEA stays in India and continue operations. The long-term strategy that Barner should take regarding continued operations includes maintaining their code of conduct to uphold their image of being responsible for their suppliers and the environment, while also alter to an improved quality of life for those in India.

History of Terrell State Mental Hospital Essay

There are umteen govern cordial agencies within the healthcare system. One of most interesting and heart-wrenching agencies is a local anesthetic political business office c completelyed Terrell cite Mental Hospital. This commission is dress up cognise in the state of Texas for its carefree healthcare. They conduct a longstanding relationship with the families of its patients and are a major contributor to the city of Terrells financial windfall.They farm over ten million a year for the city of Terrell, which allows this city to take care of its mental inpatients and make sure they have the best manipulation possible. History of Terrell narrate Mental Hospital fit in to Mike Hansen (2008), Terrell State Mental Hospital is a 582 room facility that is joint commission current and a Medicare certified psychiatric inpatient hospital that is operated under the direction of the Texas Department of State tumesceness Ser delinquencys.This hospital is responsible for many types of nauseaes and is an independent, not for profit organization, which has many programs to qualifying its patients. These programs include an adult exquisite program, a childrens and adolescence program, a forensics program, geriatric service, an intensive behavioral program and an intermediate care program, all of which has their patients best interest at heart. This hospital was opened in July 1885 and has grown to double its original surface and is still running strong to this day.This is a local governmental authorisation which can compare with subject matter agencies such(prenominal) as The Centers of Disease Control or a state governmental agency such as Health and Human Services in many ways, but the most common constituent between these agencies is their ability to help the ill to get over illness or keep from acquire a physical or mental illness. This agency houses over 775 patients and employees over 175 people. It is a process psychiatric hospital, which cares for its mentally ill patients over four county lines. They onitor their facilities and patients for any new mental illnesses which may develop.This agency also serves the rich, the poor, all races and all minorities in the state of Texas. The Community Relations Department at Terrell State Hospital has three areas of responsibility, which includes volunteer services, normal information and fundraising. They provide services and items that the state cannot supply by law or by limitation of funds. This agency has d whiz a tremendous job with stage set its patients or at least advancing them to live in society. Admission ProcessWhen a psyche first arrives at the hospital they will be greeted at the admissions office by the staff, which are well trained to address language and cultural necessitate as well as special learns such as those of the visually impaired or hearing impaired. Then a meeting with the foreland psychiatrist will take place to cover the needs and reasoning for the patient macrocosm admitted then(prenominal) paperwork will be completed covering reason for hospitalization. Then the patient will be shown slightly the facility and introduced to the staff that will be caring for the patient.Afterwards, an evaluation will be done by the doctor to determine what needs are to be met. The only motto of this staff is the patient continuously comes first. Structure and Funding Terrell State Mental Hospital is designed in a matrix anatomical structure where the professionals focus on send off teams and report to a general manager or a vice president. Because these professionals can work on some(prenominal) projects it is very important to have strong central perplexity from the senior managers to ensure people do not stray from the projects they work on.According to Ninomiya (2009), with this style of vigilance system workers report to more than one supervisor at a time. The idea is to share noesis and personnel to maximize effectiveness. T his hospital receives their funding from both voluntary contributions and from the Department of Human Services or the state of Texas. They arrange a budget describing the funds needed and the state of Texas takes care of the rest. Contributions also come from families of the inpatients. The voluntary contributions in this city are amazing.They really know how to make this city shine. Its standardized a true Texan to show their winning attitudes by giving back to the economy and being generous with their money. Programs Available This hospital is operated under the direction of the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation. They offer their services to people within a twenty-two county, 14,622 square mile area including Bowie, Dallas, and Kaufman Counties. According to the bedroom of Commerce (2009), their services are offered to children 6 to 12 years of age, adolescence ages 12 to 18 and adults.Programs include ague care, an intensive behavioral program, medical services, forensic care for inmates of state correctional institutions intermediate care, a cottage program for adult life skills and a research center. Local Agencies vs. National and State Agencies The three of these agencies have different aspects of treatment for disease. The national and state agencies usually focus on locating and making the public aware of possible outbreaks such as a rising number of cases of encephalitis.They announce to the public where and when to substantiation tuned for information on what is the next step for information on what is the next step or what they need to do to obtain an immunization or where they need to go to get their injection if one is available. The local agency such as with Terrell State Mental Hospital usually focuses on treatment of illness such as with mental illness. It is usually a prolonged and drawn out type of treatment. Doctors usually have to try a patient on several medications before they arrive at the treatment that wor ks for a patients illness.Local agencies usually work with the family divisions of these patients to help determine what might work with their family members illness. According to Colonel Jim Harris (2009), this hospital continues to be governed by a local board of managers. When the State gore of Control assumed the duties for governing state institutions, the operation of Terrell State Mental Hospital came under the mark off and management of the calling card of Texas State Hospital and special schools.The 59th Legislature in 1965, under House shaft No. , created the Mental Health and Mental Retardation Act for control and management of Terrell State Hospital. The Board of Texas State Hospital and special schools was abolished at that time. Over the years there have been major ameliorations nigh planned and some not. These changes have cost the state of Texas millions of dollars. The improvements have changed this pioneer establishment into a novel psychiatric facility that serves twenty-one counties in the northern part of the state.These ameliorations have made this hospital one that the patients and their family members can be proud of. Conclusion Local, National and State governmental agencies in the healthcare field all overlap in many different ways. For one, they all share disease prevention. Each agency shares disease prevention in a different way. A state organization such as Health and Human Services helps to prevent disease by helping to provide the poor with immunizations so they are protected in case of an outbreak of a dangerous disease.A national governmental agency such as Centers for Disease Control helps to keep the public aware when they are suspicious that a disease has reached epic proportions and is beginning to make them think an outbreak has occurred or is a holy terror to the public. They give the pubic directions on where they should go or how they should handle a dangerous situation in case one was to occur. The last agenc y which is the local governmental agency such as Terrell State Mental Hospital helps the public with a completely different completely different angle to the disease and its prevention.They help the public with mental disorders and their treatments. This hospital is very generous and works awkward to help patients with their disorders. psychiatric issues can be a very hard time for families, but this hospital works hard and uses voluntary contributions sparingly, so that the state of Texas can take the remainder of their contributions and work hard to make the patients well or to get them on the right treatment, so that they can once again function in society. Terrell State functions as a matrix structure which basically means they are a project oriented type of company.They also function by reporting to more than one manager. They highly intrust projects are the best way to make the greatest progress. This style of structure is also well known for keeping several types of project s going at all times. In this case they may have several patients that they work with at a time and these individuals may have many types of problems such as a case of bipolar, and another may be schizophrenic, etc. These patients may have several doctors that they report to. either doctor truly cares for their patients and they like to make sure that they take each patients interest to heart.

From Practical Knowledge To Practical Theory Education Essay

Several developments and worldwide alterations have begun to transform the nature of the decease dwellings and occupations in which they ar performed ( Nankervis, Compton & A Baird 2005 Seel 2002 ) . These developments include the influences of globalisation and tech nolimpid developments every bit acceptable as political, economical, and societal alterations that atomic number 18 associated with the amendments of the new industrial systems and competitory markets or what is called Postmodernity ( Stoll, Fink & A Earl 2003 Hargreaves 1994 ) . Postmodernity is specify as a societal status in which economic, political, organisational, and even personal life comes to be nonionised around really different rules than those of modernness ( Hargreaves 1994, p. 9 ) . It is characterized by the demand of flexibleness and reactivity as reflected in decentralised decision-making, level organisational constructions, clean-living force webs of collaborative reactivity, and increas ed personal authorization.In bid, teacher s engagement in the alteration procedure is considered precise, particularly if the alteration is complex and affects assorted educational scenes everyplace a long period of crop ( Hargreaves 1994 ) . teacher s engagement is to be meaningful and fecund when teachers get more than new re science of teaching method and course of study. Teachers ar non merely skilled scholars they be societal scholars who twist an of bit function in society and for society ( Be be 2001 Middleton & A pile 1996 ) . Schooling in the station modern age trades with personal formation, belief building, developing a domain lay out, elaboration transmittal, and geting the levelheaded apprehension and enabling doments ( Beare 2001 ) . training is considered a complex undertaking that involves garnering out a set of specific activities, embodiments, and resources in footings of several educational enwrappeds ( Sanders & A McCutcheon 1986 ) . Fu rthermore, Sanders and McCutcheon argue that boffo teachers should form these triplex factors so that they are intelligent in cultivating the acquisition of a mirthful group of students. The intelligence which is considered utile for instructors in transporting out this undertaking is inviolable-nosed reading organized in the signifier of repertory, thoughts, and schemes that are effectual for them in a specific scene.In the last 2 decennaries, research on focus has progressively foc apply on the knowledges that underlie instructors schoolroom copys, instead than on their doingss ( Van Driel, Verloop & A De Vos 1998 ) . This alteration in focal point was reinforced by developments in cognitive psychological science. These developments were establish on the rudimentary premise that instructors knowledges and legal actions influence each new(prenominal), and, similarly, those instructors knowledges and their schoolroom behaviors reciprocally affect each some other . These knowledges are referred to instructors serviceable science that underlies instructors actions. The term pragmatic cognition is falln from Fenstermacher, who described it as the cognition of instructors ( Husu 1999 ) . Fenstermacher distinguished this type of cognition from formal cognition, which he described as cognition for instructors. virtual(a) cognition is the cognition that instructors generate as a consequence of their experiences as instructors and their contemplations on these experiences. This cognition is anchored in schoolroom state of personal matterss it includes all the operable(a) quandary that instructors encounter in transporting out purposeful actions ( Munby, Russell & A Martin 2001 ) .Teacher s hard-nosed KnowledgePersonal cognition is related to the experiences and thoughts that a individual draws upon in order to learn and germinate as a instructor, it relates to hand close to male s action and behaviour ( Back 2002 ) . Beliefs, values, a ttitudes, prejudices, and temperament are footings that relate to this personal cognition. Connelly, Clandinin and He ( 1997 ) refer this pre-articulated sense of focus as personal interoperable cognition. For personal cognition to develop, instructors need clip and infinite to reflect on past practical experiences that inform their positions on teaching. Neverthe little, instruction is a dynamic procedure that is constructed and continuously re-constructed, as instructors physique new experiences into their personal practical cognition on instruction. mulish cognition is at the centre of a instructor s professional pattern ( Munby, Russsell & A Martin 2001 ) . at that place are four features of practical cognition. First, practical cognition is clip edge. Second, practical cognition is state of affairs specific and does non interpret easy to other, even in similar fortunes. Third, practical cognition is personally compelling. mend information acquired in a professional devel opment seminar might be interesting, it will non do the instructor to change pattern unless the particular job addressed is one that instructor is presently confronting in the schoolroom. Finally, practical cognition is directed toward action. The information is acquired in usage with the professional giving signifi tryce to the new information even as he/she is make up ones minding the following action to take ( Schon 1987 ) .From a searing re grab of surveies on instructors practical cognition, the undermentioned features are identified Practical cognition is personal each instructor s practical cognition is to some extent unique, it is defined and adapted to the schoolroom state of affairs, it is based on ( contemplation on ) experience. Practical cognition originates in, and develops by means of, experiences in instruction, it guides instructors pattern, and it is connected with the topic that is taught ( Munby, Russsell & A Martin 2001 Schon 1987 Connelly, Clandinin & A He 1997 Driel, Verloop & A De Vos 1998 )Practical Knowledge as TheoryMarland ( 1998 ) argues that practical cognition serves some of the maps of speculation. He offers that practical cognition provides a footing for instructors to depict and explicate what they do in schoolrooms and wherefore. Practical cognition caution instructors to foretell how learners might respond, to make up ones mind what is the best response to their reaction, and to bring forth effectual and feasible instruction programs and modify them when necessary or possible. Marland adds that practical cognition serves three standard maps of opening description, account, and anticipation.Practical theories as get sanders and McCutcheon ( 1986 ) point out are markedly different from scientific theories. They inadequacy the conceptual preciseness and generalizability of scientific theories, they have non been suppose in footings of a formal linguistic communication, so, can non be subjected to the sam e strict logical trials as scientific theories. Practical theories are the conceptual constructions and visions that provide instructors with justification for actions and for teaching activities they choose in order to be effectual. They are considered the rules that guide instructors grasps, determinations, and actions.Teachers Practical TheoriesMarland ( 1998 ) argues that practical theories of instructors are impressions about how to learn. These impressions have been crafted by instructors from their ain experiences of learning for the intent of set uping their peculiar work scenes. Practical theories are hence individualized and context-specific. They are inexplicit in beginning and derived from the experience of learning. Drum sanders and McCutcheon ( 1986 ) specify practical theories as the conceptual constructions and visions that provide instructors with grounds for moving as they do, and for taking the instruction activities and course of study stuffs they choose in or der to be effectual ( p. 54 ) .Practical theories are considered of import and of value for instructors because they offer their holders guidelines as to what be most effectual in a peculiar educational context. They are prized by instructors who see them as dependable and best ways to continue. For this ground, practical theories could be sometimes immune to alter ( Marland 1998 ) . Fenstermacher ( cited in Husu 1999 ) asserts that justification can take topographic point when logical conceive ofing may demo that action is sensible subject to make, an obvious thing to make, and the lone thing to make under the fortunes. Each one of these is considered a part to the justification of a regulation of pattern. The regulations are reassert because they have proven their worth and have hence been approved. Teachers think, both explicitly and implicitly, that their regulations of pattern work. This is why instructors act consequently. They believe that there is a connexion among the regulations of pattern and their in operateed results ( Husu 1999 ) . Practical theories draw on and incorporate cognition from assorted spheres of practical cognition, such(prenominal) as, cognition of ego, cognition of schoolchilds, cognition direction, cognition of course of study, and cognition of context ( Elbaz 1983, cited in Reading Module 2 ) .Practical theories are considered critical to the success of learning because educational jobs encountered by instructors are normally practical jobs ( Sanders & A McCutcheon 1986 ) . These jobs can non be solved by merely detecting or contriving new cognition or solution. Drum sanders and McCutcheon ( 1986 ) assert that in order to be effectual in work outing educational jobs, solutions must be put in action to suit in the peculiar fortunes of a specific educational scene. It is of import to detect here that practical theories are non ever consciously held, despite that instructors may frequently exempt them. Sometimes, instructors may still move if they are non witting of the grounds for their actions. In this state of affairs, instructors actions themselves may be the lone manifestation of what Argyris called their theories-in-use , which are realized by instructors through contemplation on their pattern ( Sanders & A McCutcheon 1986 ) . Teachers in schoolrooms use more than one theory, some theories could be known to them and some could be non. Whether or non instructors are witting of their theories of action, all what they enact during their Sessionss is rational in the sense that it is intended to carry through some intent and to bring forth a coveted effect ( Marland & A Osborne 1990 ) .Every instruction pattern used by instructors is employed rationally because instructors are engaged in knowing and goal-directed action to make conditions suited and facilitate acquisition ( Sanders & A McCutcheon 1986 ) . Teachers hold thoughts about what is of import to accomplish and what specific patterns they may utilize to learn in a peculiar state of affairs. All these thoughts as Sanders & A McCutcheon assert might be incorporated into a individual practical theory of learning in the instructor s head, just now more frequently, theories are used together in sets. These theories are developed by instructors over their whole calling by reflecting on what they know of the purposes of instruction, through talks with, and observation of, other instructors, and by informally detecting their schoolchilds as they talk, write, act, respond, speak, and engage in other activities throughout the twenty-four hours.Schon ( 1987 ) argues that the capacity to develop these meta-structures of cognition can be developed through brooding pattern. pensive pattern requires that professionals engage in a duologue with themselves and their environments in which they review the jobs that are portion of their periodic pattern. The professional, confronted with a surprise job, uses intuition and stored c ognition to try solutions, with each effort going progressively scalelike to an appropriate solution. Throughout this procedure, the professional is forced to oppugn premises about the cognition base, doing a restructuring of schemes of action and apprehensions of the phenomena that occurred. Once the solution is reached, each episode of reflecting in action , causes the professional to change pattern behaviour by adding new information to the shop of professional cognition. This increases the organic structure of adept cognition and makes it less differentiated, leting the professional to reassign cognition across practical state of affairss. Much of the acquisition that is acquired by instructors in the action context is mostly self-validating and self-confirming. Learning basically occurs in fortunes of hot action where determinations must be made rapidly and instinctively, chances to reflect and do significance of the experience are limited. The significance taken from these experiences tend to be self-validating and self-confirming.Components of Practical TheoriesLiterature on instructors practical theories depicts most of the constituents of these theories. However, practical theory does non merely consist of constituents but of links among, or inter-relationships among, the constituents. These links or relationships among constituents crack up the theory its construction or form and fix how good it fulfils its map. Footings that are normally appear in the literature in histories of instructors practical theories are as follows instructors values, beliefs, rules, regulations, ends, tactics and schemes, normal desirable provinces and pupil provinces, cues, properties, contextual variables, images, metaphors, and pedagogical mental object cognition ( Marland 1998, 2007 Connelly & A Clandinin 1988 Marland & A Osborne 1990 Connelly, Clandinin & A He 1997 ) .Marland ( 1998 ) argues that instructors are keenly cognizant of how one constituent i nfluences others. Teachers offer accounts for why they follow different schemes with different categories at the same class degree, why they spend more clip with some groups than with others, how their beliefs about pupil larning affect their pick of rules of instructor behaviour and instruction schemes, and how they use the pupil cues to place that provinces of head of pupils. Marland adds that the constituents of practical theories are non isolated, independent, and free-floating units they are linked together in a quite distinguished mood. The constituents within a practical theory must complement and back up each other because a practical theory is a program for action. It is directed at accomplishing some ends. In other words, all constituents in a specific lesson program need to work good together in order for the ends of the lesson to be achieved. It is the links amid constituents that give coherency and integrity of intent to a practical theory ( Marland 2007 ) . The l inkages among constituents of a theory are like linkages among words in a sentence. To ease their communicating with each other, the words have to be presented in a peculiar sequence. This careful sequencing of words would give the set of words a significance. In a similar manner, learning becomes meaningful when instructors can do mention to the interactions among the assorted constituents of their theories ( Reading Module 3 ) .Teachers RulesRules are the clear literary arguments used by instructors in schoolrooms to bespeak to pupils what represents appropriate behavior or action ( Marland 2007 ) . Elbaz uses the term, rule of pattern and defines it as a brief, understandably formulated statement of what to make or how to make in a peculiar state of affairs often encountered in pattern ( Elbaz, cited in Connelly & A Clandinin 1988, p. 63 ) . Classroom regulations are normally used by instructors to set up forms of behaviour that facilitate a societal order and productive w ork scenes, guarantee effectual usage of clip, and facilitate bend taking in treatment and purposeful deed by pupils ( Marland 2007 ) .Rules may hold two signifiers, they could be brief statements or drawn-out description of pattern from which a figure of related regulations may be inferred ( Connelly & A Clandinin 1988 ) . For illustration, when the instructor provinces at the beginning of twelvemonth to the pupils that he/she will listen really carefully to them, promote them to rephrase, and let them to show their feelings, sentiments, and concerns without judging them. This statement expresses a figure of regulations, such as, listen carefully, encourage pupils to rephrase, let express of feelings, do non judge. All these regulations taken together will organize an attack of communicating in the schoolroom that can be explicit in the statement of a rule. They are called as regulations because they make mention to what and how of the state of affairs with the intent being take n for granted ( Connelly & A Clandinin 1988 ) . Rules may be suggested by the instructor or formulated jointly by the instructor and pupils. Seeking pupils input in the preparation of regulations will make a democratic ambiance in the schoolroom and will promote pupils engagement, which increases pupils understanding and committedness.Husu ( 1999 ) argues that regulations are normally justified by instructors because they have proven their worth and have hence been approved. Teachers think implicitly and explicitly that the regulations of pattern used in classrooms work efficaciously. And because they work, instructors act consequently. This type of concluding would warrant a connexion between the regulations of pattern and their intended results in schoolrooms. They are justified because they have met the criterions of the smooth practical action held by the instructor. Rules of pattern are socially constructed they emerge from old ages of experience in school scenes. It is a man ner instructors found to be effectual in work outing debatable state of affairss. They set a strong organisational power to frequently helter-skelter patterns in the schoolroom.Teachers MetaphorsMarland ( 2007 ) argues that instructors sometimes refer to learning as mothering, coaching, or horticulture, each one of these descriptions draws attending to some similarities between learning and other activities. This pulling attending to similarities between two things is what a metaphor does. Analysis of these metaphors about learning reveals much about the ways instructors think about learning and how they conceptualize of import facets of their work and how they believe schoolrooms map best. Teacher s behaviour in schoolrooms is normally consistent with the metaphors used in their negotiations about learning. For this ground, metaphors used by instructors are considered as supplying valuable penetrations into their practical theories.Metaphor is a constituent of personal practical c ognition. It can be identified when listening to the instructor s address ( Connelly & A Clandinin 1988 ) . It gives inventive look to this cognition that makes it possible for a individual to research concealed rational avenues contained in a metaphor s frame ( Connelly, Clandinin & A He 1997 ) . A individual metaphor can be used to depict how instructors view their work in the schoolroom. It can be used to convey cardinal facets of the instructor s position of instruction and acquisition ( Korthagen & A Lagerwerf 2001 ) , covering such constituents as ends, tactics, schemes, values, and pupil provinces.Deductions of Teachers Practical TheoriesMarland ( 1998 ) argues that a successful alteration in the instruction perspectives requires developing a committedness to follow new values and beliefs. This hard and time-consuming activity is considered critical because values and beliefs are cardinal to instructors impressions about learning. Valuess and beliefs are considered the c ardinal constituents of the moral models that instructors hold, which besides influence their decision-making about learning. This moral model motivates and gives purpose and way to believing about learning. Teacher pedagogues that intend to do the displacement need to value practical cognition about learning that pupil instructors develop within their classs. They besides need to value the procedures such as those built-in in critical thought and contemplation that contribute to the acquisition and alteration of practical cognition and theories. Accepting these values would do instructors pedagogues review their beliefs about pupil instructors, how they learn to learn, the function of the instructor pedagogue, and the nature of cognition.Alliance with the position that instruction is shaped by the practical theories of instructors requires that teacher instruction aid pupil instructors to develop practical theories that are personally meaningful and relevant to the contexts in whic h they pattern. This end emphasizes the importance of valuing personal liberty, critical thought, and diverseness of learning manners. This end besides requires careful attending to the schemes used in teacher instruction to guarantee that they are effectual in advancing personal and context-specific practical theories to the pre-service instructors. The schemes selected should be influenced by the nature of the topic for which the instructor pedagogue has duty.Besides make up ones minding the appropriate schemes, pedagogues should seek to bring on through their classs the provinces of pupils in order to ease end attainment. Students need to be inquiry-oriented and self-evaluative, to take enterprises and to be originative, and to demo readiness to be brooding and unfastened to other possibilities in order to construct their ain practical theories. Furthermore, pedagogues here play an of import function in easing pupils provinces by honoring enterprise, commending soul-searching, b ack uping flexibleness and bring forthing options, constructing self-pride of pupils, and promote hazard taking. It is imperative for instructor pedagogues to reflect on the rules which they build into their actions to guarantee that they reflect the values, beliefs, schemes, and pupil provinces that facilitate pupil teacher theory-building. Teacher pedagogues need to guarantee that they know plenty about the pupil instructors they are working with in order to be able to polish other characteristics of their practical theories, such as schemes, rules, pupil provinces and ends, and to personalise these in the involvements of maximising benefits for pupil instructors ( Marland 1998 ) .DecisionThis paper presented an overview of instructors practical theories. Practical theories are considered critical to the success of learning because educational jobs encountered by instructors are normally practical jobs ( Sanders & A McCutcheon 1986 ) . Practical theories are impressions about h ow to learn, these impressions have been crafted by instructors from their ain experiences of learning for set uping their peculiar work scenes. Practical theory does non merely consist of constituents but of links among, or inter-relationships among, the constituents. These links or relationships among constituents give the theory its construction or form and find how good it fulfils its map. They serve as the background to much of the instructors decision-making and action, and thereof represent what has been termed the civilization of instruction.MentionsBack, S 2002, The Aristotelean challenge to teacher instruction , History of Intellectual Culture, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-5.Beare, H 2001, Making the future school, Routledge Falmer, London.Connelly, FM & A Clandinin, DJ & A He, Ming Fang 1997, Teachers personal practical cognition on the professional cognition landscape , Teaching and Teacher Education, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 665-74.Connelly, FM & A Clandinin, DJ 1988, Teache rs as course of study contrivers, Teachers College Press, New York.Hargreaves, A 1994, Changing instructors, altering times instructors work and civilization in the postmodern age, Cassell, London.Husu, J 1999, How instructors know and know about others? paper presented at the 9th Biennial league on International Study Association on Teachers & A Teaching ( ISATT ) , Dublin, Ireland, July, 25 pages.Korthagen, FA & A Lagerwerf, B 2001, Teachers professional acquisition how does it work? , in FA Korthagen ( ed. ) , Associating pattern and theory. The teaching method of realistic instructor instruction, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, pp. 175-206.Marland, P 2007, Learning to learn. A primer for pre-service instructors, Pearson, Gallic Forest, NSW.Marland, PW & A Osborne, AB 1990, Classroom theory, believing and action , Teaching and Teacher Education, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 93-109.Marland, PW 1998, Teachers practical theories deductions for pre-service instructor instruction , Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education & A Development, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 15-23.Middleton, M & A Hill, J 1996, Changing schools ambitious premises and researching possibilities, Hawker-Brownlow, Melbourne.Munby, H, Russell, T & A Martin, AK 2001, Teachers cognition and how it develops , in V Richardson ( ed. ) , Handbook of research on instruction, 4th edn, American educational Research Association, Washington, pp. 877-904.Nankervis, AR, Compton, RL & A Baird, M 2005, Human resource direction schemes and procedures, 5th edn, Thomas Nelson, Melbourne.Drum sanders, CP & A McCutcheon, G 1986, The development of practical theories of learning , Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50-67.Schon, D 1987, Educating the brooding practician, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.Seel, R 2002, The nature of organisational alteration , viewed 15 November 2006,.Stoll, L, Fink, D & A Earl, L 2003, It s about acquisition ( and it s about clip ) . What s in it for school s? , Routledge Falmer, London.Van Driel, JH, Verloop, N & A De Vos, W 1998, Developing scientific discipline instructors pedagogical content cognition , Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 673-95.

Human and American Scholar Essay

Transc stopping pointentalism in the States The transcendentalist movement hit the States full force by the mid 19th century, crafting a passionate spiritual idealism in its wake and leaving a unique mark on the history of American literature. Transcendentalism stems from the broader quixotic measure period, which depends on intuition rather than reasoning. Transcendentalism takes a step further into the realm of spirituality with the principle that in order to discoer the overlord truth that the exclusive seeks, he or she mustiness transcend, or exceed, the every solar day human experience in the physical world (Elements of Literature Fifth parentage 146).Nature, the physical world, is seen as a doorway to the divine world bes can cross over into this divine world by not moreover observing record, scarcely also looking within themselves. As a result, individuality and self-assurance are seen as virtues, since they come from the he ruse of the individual. William Cullen B ryant and his metrical composition Thanatopsis, Ralph Waldo Emersons The American educatee, and Walt Whitmans A noiseless enduring Spider all display fundamental characteristics of Transcendentalism.William Cullen Bryant was a not able-bodied American poet of the 1800s, integrating major themes of transcendentalism into his poems and short stories. Thanatopsis is one of Bryants most famous works, and combines the themes of nature, last, and the wholeness of these two with humanity. He galvanises by personifying nature, and claims he has a unique relationship with her and all her different forms, referring to sights that blow up the landscape. Valleys, brooks, and plant life are all her different forms.Bryant explains that nature speaks differently to an individual according to their sensory system Communion with her visible forms, she speaks/A various language for his gayer hours/She has a voice of gladness, and a smile (2-4). When that individuals attitude changes, so doe s natures character and she glides/Into his darker musings, with a mild/And healing sympathy, that steals aside/Their sharpness, ere he is aware. (5-8). Nature seemingly heals the individuals pain before they are conscious of it. Bryant so transfers to the melancholy thoughts of death.He states that when we die, we leave a lone(prenominal) produce one with nature. He describes all the ways the earth volition reuse us in the soil, for the trees, and we willing become as indifferent as rocks that scatter nearly the world. Therefore, we should not feel disheartened towards death. He continues to persuade the reader not to worry, for everyone will one day lie down in one mighty sepulcher (37) together. He ends on the note that we should not greet death with hopelessness, as if entering a prison, but embrace it as if it were just an chance to lie down and sleep dreamily.Transcendentalism is a sector of romanticism, and therefore, like romanticism, can be say to encompass the p hilosophy of reverence for nature (Benets Readers Encyclopedia). compositiony transcendentalist believers took to nature to mount inspiration and descend into a state of divinity. Wildlife was connected to God, and by embracing the wild you embraced spirituality itself. livelihood in an untamed environment and functioning in the works of nature was the essence of transcendentalism.Bryant perceives the personified Nature as a celestial being that takes many forms in the world, and he calls step to the fore to those who see her similarly. In his starting line line he addresses To him who in the love of Nature holds/ Communion with her visible forms(1-2). He is calling taboo to those who hold a special relationship with Natures various spectacles. He continues to admire natures wisdom, urging readers to Go forth, under the open sky, and list/To Natures teachings, while from all around/ Earth and her waters, and the depths of air/Comes a still voice (14-17).One author notes Thanat opsis hence exhorts anyone get the hang with morbid thoughts of human mortality to venture into Nature for the sake of uplifting lessons to be derived from the elements of air, earth, and water that symbolise the universe (Curley). Another characteristic of the transcendental literary time period is human mortality, and this is the main rival in Thanatopsis, which literally translates into a meditation on death. As one critic coiffures it, Thanatopsis grants consolation for human mortality done mankinds unity with nature (Curley).Death, no matter what time period it is observed in, can be daunting to an individual. Since death is a part of nature, transcendentalism embraces it as a cycle of life. Thanatopsis is intertwined with the perspective of nature, it is Natures lessons that ease the fear of death Nature then begins to speak, and does so for the remainder of the poem, directly addressing the person oppressed by human mortality with a monitor that while the body will ig nore in the grave, ones identity will be lost in its commingling with the elements. (Price).Many transcendentalists like this idea of the human body becoming one with nature, vainglorious back to the place from where it originated, such(prenominal) as in Bryants words Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim/Thy senesceth, to be resolved to earth again/And, lost each human trace, surrendering up/Thine individual being, shalt thou go(22-25). The main reason transcendentalists do not dread mortality is the solace that the body will dissolve in the grave, ones identity will be lost in its commingling with the elements (Curley). Additionally, Bryant offered further explanations as to why death should be accepted, rather than fled from.Humanity itself is not permanent, and no man has ever been graven image Bryant amplifies this truth All that breathe/Will share thy destiny. The gay will laugh/When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care/Plod on, and each one as before will copy/His f avorite phantom yet all these shall leave (60-64). To this, one critic comments an individuals death merges with the mortality of the entire human race anywhere in time, anywhere in place, and therefore, merely fulfills the familiar human destinyThe living may be carefree or sad, but in the end they share the same mortal fate (Curley).Ralph Waldo Emerson also exemplified various themes of transcendentalism in his work. Emersons The American prentice encourages individualism, nonconformity, originality, and reliance on the inner spirit. He discusses different sources that the human mind should rely on, such as nature, literature, and action. He embraces an understanding of oneself. Emerson criticizes those who focus too much on the great minds of the past, rather than being inspired by them, and dont actually think for themselves.He explains that work leaves an individual empty, almost becoming a simple machine, like the growing factories in America. Emerson directs this speech at a token issue Americas influence from European literature. This came to bother Emerson, who believed in inspiration from oneself. The individual is so special. This speech directly targets Americas unknown identity during this time, which he wishes to establish by stir each and every American prentice.An important aspect of transcendentalism in The American Scholar was individualism and self-confidence If the single man plant himself indomitably on his instincts, and there abide, the huge world will come round to him (The American Scholar). Individualism is what spins the planet of creativity to Emerson, without it human beings would not be able to achieve their full potential. In order for a person to free their individuality, they would have to first unloosen from society itself. Emerson believes that society limits an individuals capacity.One critic notes that Emerson sees the American scholar as a reformation project, where one must have an idealized portrait of intellectual life rooted in the liberated humanity of the individual thinker. In practice this means an outright rejection of conformity and groupthink, including the uncritical acceptation of established creeds and dogmas (Yang). Before the transcendentalism period hit America, industrialization had taken a toll on the American mint work was the central focus, and it left many tired and empty.Emerson observed, Equated with their occupational function, people become tool-like, with a corresponding social arrangement that reinforces this state of affairs. He views this deformation as inherent in the mercantile and manufacturing culture then emerging in the United States. This social fragmentation not only inhibits human potential its mind-destroying consequences are dehumanizing (Matuozzi). Another more obscure issue that Emerson dealt with was Americas tendency to hang on to past great writers and philosophers, rather than coming to revelations with their own minds.As Emerson put it, Books a re written on it the world by thinkers, not by Man Thinking, by men of talent, that is, who start wrong, who set out from accepted dogmas, not from their own sight of principles. Meek youthfulness men grow up in libraries, believing it their duty to accept the views which Cicero, which Locke, which Bacon, have given forgetful that Cicero, Locke and Bacon were only young men in libraries when they wrote these books (The American Scholar).One critic explains this quote Emerson criticizes those scholars who allow themselves to be dominated by the past great minds to the extent that they think for the historical figures rather than for themselves, thereby becoming bookworms instead of Man Thinking (Yang). While looking to historical figures is oftentimes mandatory to understand what a person demand to do in their life, it does more harm than salutary to sculpt yourself into that exact person. It is confidence in oneself that is needed for transcendentalist philosophy to prevail. A ce ntral theme in The American Scholar is striving for wholeness. Since this private mark is linked with an individualist ethic and often clashes with social norms and public institutions, Emersons project would seem to invite a powerful will the harmonization of will, intellect, and soul is difficult, perhaps the chief impediment to the full credit of self-reliance and self-trustIn the end, Emersons espousal of self-reliant individualism in The American Scholar is an tight rejection of whatever blunts creative human potential.Wherever circumstances threaten the value of autonomy, the outspoken message of The American Scholar will offer encouragement, proving a clear alternative to debilitating conformity and spiritual alienation. (Matuozzi) Emerson also expands on the idea of action. Without it, transcendentalism would be nothing but talk of reformation. It would do no good to anyone in the world. Transcendentalist ideas were based on constantly living, rather than constantly con templating. Emerson sees that action is relevant to human potential. The scholar immerses him- or herself in the world rather than fleeing it. The world is an occasion to gain valuable knowledge through focused, mindful participation. (Matuozzi). The critic is directly stemming from a statement made in The American Scholar by Emerson Action is with the scholar subordinate, but it is essential. Without it he is not yet man. Without it thought can never modify into truth. Whilst the world hangs before the eye as a cloud of beauty, we cannot even see its beauty. Inaction is cowardice, but there can be no scholar without the heroic mind. (The American Scholar). A Noiseless Patient Spider by Walt Whitman has a key trait of the characteristics of transcendentalism as well. The first stanza of the poem starts out by describing one isolated spider. Whitman describes the actions of this spider, as it flings its filaments, or silk webs, into the air. The arachnid is doing this in the hope o f latching on to rough(prenominal) sort of solid, stable surface. This would ensure it an easy groundwork for setting up the rest of its web. The observer in the poem remarks that he can see this spider as it repeats this tedious task over and over again.In the second stanza, Whitman changes perspectives, instead focused on a human mortal. In the first stanza, the poet cut the desolate world the spider resided in. I markd where on a little fountainhead it stood isolated/ plunderkd how to explore the vacant vast surrounding (2-3). In the second stanza, the poet takes this lone spider and turns the creature into a metaphorical form of the human soul. He describes how his own soul is perpetually musing, venturing, throwing, seeking the spheres to connect them (8).Just like the spider, uncertain of its future, the human soul also wanders about aimlessly, hoping to travail something stable that it can cling to. It is just as lonesome. This literary piece adds to the transcendental theme of the unknown. Oftentimes, people find themselves drifting along in life, not knowing where they are headed. A miniscule spider, plan of attacking to map a boundless vacuity with grossly inadequate equipment, becomes a living symbol of the pathetic vow of human mortality. The human soul, too, must deal with the unknown. (Scherle). We search for a intend, a meaning in our lives that will stabilize us. The experience of the spider becomes a metaphor symbolizing the souls quest for the optical fusion of earthly and heavenly existencethe person visualizes in the spiders action a thoughtfulness of the pathetic yet heroic struggle he is waging to find immortality. (Scherle). Without purpose, a person can be sick from a better path transcendentalists found comfort in knowing that the unknown is connected with some mystical higher being.As one critic notes, The sense of human insignificance is monstrous (Scherle). Along those lines, Whitman shows that finding that sole purpo se can be a long and tiresome task. Oftentimes it is repetitive and dismal, and the consequence is unspecified. Everything (immortality) is hanging on a silken thread, which is being tossed tentatively and figuratively into an unidentified, undefined somewhere (Scherle). Whitman sees his soul in Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space just as the spider stood isolated in a vacant vast surrounding (2-7).What the critic realizes is that A Noiseless Patient Spider is a poem about lonelinessthis is a loneliness that grows out of an inherent tendency of the body and soul to attempt to unite with an elusive divine entity in order to gain immortality (Scherle). Whitman uses the transcendental concept of nature as a wayseer for human truth (Scherle). Transcendentalism is portrayed through the literary works of William Cullen Bryant and Thanatopsis, Ralph Waldo Emerson and The American Scholar, and Walt Whitman and A Noiseless Patient Spider. Thanatopsis exemplifies themes of na ture and death.Transcendentalists immersed themselves in the natural world to connect with the divine otherworld. The American Scholar argued that in order to transcend the human body into a spiritual realm, you must first remove from society. A Noiseless Patient Spider explains the isolation and uncertainty we have throughout our lives. We search for purpose and reason, never knowing what to expect. Transcendentalism was a unique literary time period in America that consisted of a love for nature, the divine, and the individual human mind. Works Cited Page * Romanticism. HarperCollins Benets Readers Encyclopedia. 1996). ebscohost. Web. 18 Mar 2013. * Price, Victoria. Thanatopsis, Poems. Salem Press Masterplots. (2010). ebscohost. Database. 18 Mar 2013. * Curley, Thomas M. Thanatopsis, Poems. Salem Press Masterplots II. (2010). ebscohost. Database. 18 Mar 2013. * Scherle, Phillis J. A Noiseless Patient Spider, Leaves of Grass. Salem Press Masterplots II (2002). ebscohost. Datab ase. 18 Mar 2013. * Matuozzi, Robert N. A Noiseless Patient Spider, Leaves of Grass. Salem Press Masterplots (2010). ebscohost. Database. 18 Mar 2013. * Yang, Vincent. The American Scholar. Salem Press Magills